Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau ore
Ore yog cov khoom suav sau. Raws li cov cuab yeej ua lag luam niaj hnub no thiab cov kev lag luam, cov hlau lossis lwm yam khoom tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab rho tawm los ntawm cov ntxhia ntawm cov nplai kev lag luam. Ameslikas xa mus rau cov khoom siv zoo mined los ntawm cov hlau tso, nws tau tam sim no nthuav rau cov khoom siv tsis yog xim hlau xws li leej faj, fluorite thiab barite tso rau hauv niam pob zeb tom qab tsim.
Qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv muaj txiaj ntsig (cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom me) nyob hauv ore thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov ore raug hu ua ore qib. Cov khoom siv hlau zoo nkauj xws li kub thiab platinum yog qhia hauv grams tauj ib tuj, thiab lwm yam ores feem ntau yog qhia ua feem pua. Qib ntawm ore feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ore, tab sis cov lus sib xyaw ntawm cov laib laib (cov av tsis huv hauv cov ore lossis cov ntxhia muaj cov ntsiab lus me me uas tsis tuaj yeem siv tau) thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo kuj cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov ore.
Kev faib hlau hlau
Feem ntau muab faib ua cov khoom siv tawv tawv, zoo nkauj ore dog dig thiab nplua nuj ore. Qee lub sij hawm nws tsuas yog muab faib rau cov tawv ntoo tawv thiab cov nplua nuj ore. Nws tsis muaj qauv zoo rau qhov kev faib tawm no. Feem ntau, txhua qhov kev lag luam thiab cov chaw tsuas muaj nws tus kheej cov lej xam. Raws li cov xwm txheej thiab kev siv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kem muaj, nws muab faib ua ob pawg: cov hlau ore thiab tsis yog xim hlau.
Lub ntsiab ntau yam ntawm cov hlau ore
Muaj ntau ntau yam hlau ntxhia. Muaj ntau dua 300 yam ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab cov hlau-cov kabmob me me, cov uas muaj ntau dua 170 hom. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov kev cai tam sim no, cov tseem ceeb uas tau siv kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig yog magnetite, hematite, maghemite, ilmenite, limonite thiab siderite.
1. Hlau nplaum
Magnetite (Magnetite) yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau phom, lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom siv yog Fe3O4, yog cov txheej txheem ntawm Fe2O3 thiab FeO. FeO 31.03%, Fe2O3 68.97% lossis muaj Fe 72.2%, O 27.6%, equiaxed siv zog ci ci. Tib cov muaju feem ntau yog octahedral, tsis tshua muaj pob zeb diamond zoo li tus dodecahedron. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm rhombic dodecahedron, kab txaij feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kab pheeb ces ntev. Cov aggregates feem ntau ntom thiab ntau. Cov xim yog hlau dub, lub streak yog dub, semi-metallic luster, opaque. Hardness 5.5 ～ 6.5, lub zog nqus tshwj xeeb 4.9 ～ 5.2, tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam, gangue yog mas quartz thiab silicate. Nrog muaj zog hlau nplaum. Kev ua kom tsis zoo, feem ntau muaj cov teeb meem tsis zoo xws li leej faj thiab phosphorus. Hauv kev ua cov ntxhia (Beneficiation), cov qauv sib cais sib nqus tuaj yeem siv, thiab kev lag luam yooj yim heev; tab sis vim nws cov qauv zoo, nws tsis zoo. Nws dhau los ua hematite tom qab huab cua ntev ntev. Muaj feem ntau yuav txiav txim siab ntau ntawm Ti4 + nyob rau hauv magnetite uas hloov Fe3 quas nrog quasi-homomorphism, thiab nrog cov lus sib hloov ntawm Mg2 + thiab V3 + rau Fe2 + thiab Fe3 +, yog li tsim ib co ntxhia subspecies, namely:
(1) Titanium magnetite Fe2 + (2 + x) Fe3 + (2-2x) TixO4 (0<>< 1="," muaj="" 212%="" ～="" 16%="" ntawm="" tio.="" thaum="" kub="" zoo="" li="" qub,="" titanium="" raug="" cais="" los="" ntawm="" nws="" rau="" hauv="" cov="" phaj-zoo="" li="" thiab="" kem-zoo="" li="" ferro-titanium="" mine="" thiab="" ntaub-zoo="" li="">
(2) Vanadium magnetite FeV2O4 lossis Fe2 + (Fe3 + V) O4, muaj V2O5 qee zaum nce txog 68.41% ~ 72.04%.
(3) Vanadium-titanium magnetite yog cov khoom siv daws cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov av ntxhia ob saud nrog cov khoom sib txuam ntau dua.
(4) Chrome magnetite muaj Cr2O3 txog li feem pua. (Hlau Network www.gangcai.com)
(5) Magnesium magnetite muaj MgO li 6.01%. Magnetite yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau ore nyob rau hauv cov hlau nqus hlau hlau, hu rau metasomatic-hydrothermal iron deposits, sedimentary metamorphic iron deposits, thiab cov ntawv sau ua hlau ntau cuam tshuam txog volcanism. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv cov av xuab zeb. Nws tsis tshua pom muaj nyob rau hauv ntuj ntshiab magnetite ore, thiab ib feem ntawm cov magnetite feem ntau hloov mus rau hauv ib nrab-hematite thiab hematite cuav vim muaj cov tshuaj oxidation. Lub npe hu ua hematite cuav yog magnetite (Fe3O4) oxidized rau hematite (Fe2O3), tab sis nws tseem tuaj yeem tuav nws cov thawj cov qauv siv lead ua, yog li nws hu ua hematite cuav.
2. Hematite
Hematite (Hematite) Hematite yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv cov hlau oxide tsis zoo nrog tshuaj muaj tshuaj lom neeg ntawm Fe2O3 thiab cov ntsiab lus theoretical iron ntawm 70%. Qhov zoo li cov hlau no feem ntau tsim cov nyiaj loj loj nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Hais txog qhov faus thiab lub ntim tsuas, nws yog lub ntsiab siv rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg raws li nws cov txheej txheem sib txawv, xws li liab hematite, specular hematite, Micaceous hematite, thiab Ocher liab. Cov hlau cov ntsiab lus ntawm hematite feem ntau yog 50% rau 60%, thiab nws muaj cov tsis muaj teeb meem tsis zoo xws li leej faj thiab phosphorus, thiab qhov txo qis zoo dua li ntawm magnetite. Yog li no, hematite yog qhov ua tau zoo ironmaking raw khoom. Hematite yog ib txwm nyob thiab tsiaj qus. Tus tsim tshiab hematite magnetite poob nws cov hlau nplaum tom qab kev tiv thaiv oxidation, tab sis tseem tseem khaws cov duab crystalline ntawm cov magnetite. Cov hematite cuav, uas feem ntau muaj nyob hauv cov hematite cuav Qee cov khoom siv magnetite. Qee zaum hematite tseem muaj qee cov khoom lag luam hematite, xws li limonite (2Fe2O3 · 3H2O). Hematite muaj cov lus ua yog xim hlau, qhov nyuaj ntawm cov siv lead ua yog 5,5 mus rau 6, lub hardness ntawm lub ntiaj teb hematite yog tsawg heev, tsis muaj cleavage, tus txheeb ze ntom yog 4.9 txog 5.3, tsuas yog hlau nplaum tsis muaj zog, thiab cov gangue yog silicate.
Muaj ob hom ntawm homopolymorphic hloov pauv ntawm Fe2O3 hauv xwm, npe hu ua α-Fe2O3 thiab γ-Fe2O3. Lub qub yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ntuj tsim thiab hu ua hematite; qhov tom kawg tsis tshua ruaj khov dua α-Fe2O3 raws li cov xwm txheej ntuj thiab yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev qhov chaw ruaj khov, hu ua maghemite. Hematite: Fe 69.94%, O 30.06%, feem ntau muaj cov khoom sib xyaw homi-homogeneous Ti, Al, Mn, Fe2 +, Ca, Mg thiab ib qho me me ntawm Ga thiab Co Trigonal crystal system, cov khoom siv muaj kua muaj tsawg. Lub crystalline hematite yog steel grey thiab cryptocrystalline; lub ntiaj teb hematite yog xim liab. Lub streaks yog Cherry liab lossis tshiab npua nplooj siab. Cov hlau rau ib nrab-nws yog xim hlau luster. Qee lub sij hawm lub ntsej muag yog npub. Hardness 5 ～ 6. Qhov sib piv yog 5 ～ 5.3. Hematite aggregates muaj ntau hom, ua rau qee cov ntxhia subspecies, namely:
(1) Daim iav hlau ua haujlwm. Nws yog cov ntawv sau los ntawm rosette lossis daim ntawv hematite nrog cov ntawv nyeem hlau.
(2) Mica hematite. Crystalline nplai zoo hematite nrog nws yog xim hlau luster.
(3) Oolitic lossis lub raum hematite. Hematite nrog oval lossis raum duab.
Hematite yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau faib ntau yam nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej, thiab tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ntau cov txheej txheem geological, tab sis mas hydrothermal, sedimentary thiab thaj av metamorphism. Hauv cheeb tsam oxidation, hematite tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm limonite lossis wurtzite lossis goethite. Tab sis nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov mus rau goethite thiab dej hematite. Hauv qab txo qhov mob, hematite tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau hauv magnetite, hu ua cuav magnetite. Maghemite: γ-Fe2O3, nws cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau muaj Mg, Ti thiab Mn sib xyaw rau hauv. Isometric siv lead ua qhov system, pentagonal peb-tetrahedral muaju, feem ntau yog cov sib xyaw ua ke, cov tuab tuab, feem ntau nrog kev txhaum ntawm magnetite. Cov xim thiab cov tawv muag yog xim av, lub zog 5, kev nqus tshwj xeeb 4.88, muaj zog hlau nplaum. Maghemite yog tsuas yog tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv theem nrab ntawm magnetite nyob rau hauv oxidizing tej yam kev mob. Lub Fe2 + hauv cov hlau nplaum yog hloov tag los ntawm Fe3 + (3Fe2 → F 2Fe3 +), yog li cov haujlwm octahedral nyob ntawm 1 / 3Fe2 + tsim tawm chaw haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, maghemite tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov dej tsis pom los ntawm lepidolite, thiab tseem tsim los ntawm cov organic ua cov hlau oxides.
3. Limonite
Limonite yog ib qho ore muaj ferric hydroxide. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev nyab xeeb ua lwm yam ores. Nws yog feem ntau dav faib nyob rau hauv cov xwm, tab sis nws tsis txawv rau kev tso nyiaj loj. Nws yog lub npe dav dav ntawm ob qhov qauv sib txawv ntawm Goethite HFeO2 thiab Lepidocrocite FeO (OH). Qee tus neeg kuj sau cov qauv tshuaj ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb ua mFe2O3. nH2O, qhia kev ua xim daj los sis xim av, muaj txog 62% Fe, 27% O, thiab 11% H2O, thiab muaj lub zog nqus tshwj xeeb txog 3.6 txog 4.0. Lawv feem ntau txuas nrog lwm cov hlau. Qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog hom pob zeb hauv av, tab sis kev sib xyaw ntawm goethite, lepidolite, dej goethite, dej lepidolite thiab hydrous silica, av nkos, thiab lwm yam. Qhov dej tshuaj lom neeg hloov pauv ntau, zoo li cov ntsiab lus hauv dej. Feem ntau, cov hlau ntawm cov limonite yog 37% mus rau 55%, thiab qee zaum cov ntsiab lus phosphorus kuj muaj ntau. Limonite yog hygroscopic heev thiab feem ntau nqus tau cov dej ntau. Tom qab ci los yog cua sov hauv qhov cub tawg, dej tsis muaj dej thiab crystallization tau raug tshem tawm, thiab cov dej porosity yog nce, uas zoo heev txhim kho qhov txo ntawm cov ore. Yog li no, limonite yog qhov zoo dua hauv kev txo dua hematite thiab magnetite. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias qhov kev tshem tawm dej, cov ntsiab lus hlau ntawm ore yog nce raws li.
(1) Goethite α-FeO (OH), muaj 62.9% Fe. Cov neeg uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj tshaj tawm cov dej hu ua dej goethite HFeO2 · NH2O. Lub orthorhombic crystal system muaj rab koob zoo li rab koob, kem, nyias-phaj lossis cov duab zoo li tus qauv. Feem ntau cov taum-zoo li lub raum-zoo li lossis stalactite-nyiam. Cov qhov ncauj txiav txiav yog cov mus tib seem lossis radiating fibrous qauv. Qee lub sij hawm nws yog tuab, av, lossis ooliform. Cov xim yog xim liab xim av, xim av tsaus rau xim av tsaus. Qhov sib xyaw ua paug thiab zoo li limonite muaj xim daj rau xim av. Lub goethite streaks yog xim liab pliv, nrog lub tawv ntawm 5 txog 5.5 thiab lub zog hnyav ntawm 4 txog 4.3. Lub limonite streaks feem ntau yog lub teeb xim av lossis xim av daj, nrog rau lub tawv tawv ntawm 1 txog 4 thiab ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm 3.3 txog 4.
(2) Wurtenite γ-FeO (OH), muaj 62.9% Fe. Cov neeg uas muaj qhov dej ntawm cov adsorbed ntau hu ua dej fiber hlau ore FeO (OH) · NH2O. Lub kaw lus Orthorhombic. Cov raug nqaij lossis cov nqaij mos ua ke. Cov xim yog xim liab tsaus rau xim liab liab. Cov kab nrib pleev yog xim txiv kab ntxwv-liab lossis cib-liab. Hnyav 4 ～ 5, kev nqus tshwj xeeb 4.01 ～ 4.1.
4. Cov Sider
Siderite (Siderite) yog ib qho ore muaj hlau carbonate. Lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog FeCO3, uas yog xiav txho, cov ntsiab lus theoretical hlau yog 48.2%, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog li 3.8. FeCO3, FeO 62.01%, CO2 37.99%, feem ntau muaj Mg thiab Mn. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Cov rhombohedral, cov dav hlau siv lead ua feem ntau nkhaus. Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog ntxhib-nplua-nplua rau qhov zoo-txhuam. Tseem muaj qhov nodules, txiv quav ntswv nyoos, thiab av. Daj, lub teeb brownish daj (tsaus xim av tom qab huab cua), iav luster. Lub hardness yog 3.5 ～ 4.5, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nqus yog li 3.96. Nws txawv nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm Mg thiab Mn. Nyob hauv cov xwm, muaj tsawg dua siderites nrog kev lag luam tsuas muaj nqi dua li lwm qhov peb ores. Siderite yog yooj yim decomposed thiab oxidized rau limonite. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus hlau tsis siab, tab sis tom qab txiav cov pa roj carbon monoxide CO2 los ntawm kev ua cua sov, cov ntsiab lus hlau tsis tsuas yog nce ntxiv tab sis kuj dhau los ua qhov ntxeem tau, thiab qhov ua kom rov zoo dua yog qhov zoo heev. Feem ntau ntawm cov ore no muaj nuj nqis ntau ntawm cov calcium thiab magnesium ntsev. Txij li cov carbonate yuav nqus cov cua sov ntau thiab tshaj tawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntawm qhov kub ntawm txog 800 ~ 960 ℃, peb feem ntau ci no rau cov roj ore ua ntej ntxiv rau hauv qhov cub tawg.
5. Lwm yam
Ilmenite (Ilmenite) nws cov tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj yog FeTiO3, Fe 36.8%, Ti 36.6%, O 31.6%. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Rhombohedral muaju. Nws yog feem ntau tsis qhia cov nplej, nplai los yog phaj tuab. Tshaj 950 ° C, ilmenite thiab hematite tsim ib hom kev tsis muaj hom phiaj kiag li. Thaum qhov kub qis dua, melting tshwm sim, yog li ilmenite feem ntau muaj cov nplai zoo-zoo li hematite suav nrog. Cov xim ntawm ilmenite yog hlau dub lossis hlau grey. Lub streaks yog hlau grey los yog xim dub. Cov kab sib xyaw hauv hematite yog xim av lossis xim av daj. Nws yog xim hlau-semi-nws yog xim hlau gloss. Tsis pob tshab, tsis muaj qhov cleavage. Lub cev muaj zog 5 ～ 6.5, qhov tshwj xeeb hnyav 4 ～ 5. Lub zog tsis muaj zog. Ilmenite tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv cov pob zeb ultrabasic, cov pob zeb yooj yim, cov pob zeb alkaline, cov pob zeb acid thiab pob zeb metamorphic. Hauv Panzhihua vanadium-titanium magnetite tso rau hauv Suav teb, ilmenite faib hauv cov ntawv ntau lossis flake nruab nrab ntawm titanomagnetite thiab lwm yam cov pob zeb hauv av, lossis cov lamellae raws cov sib cais ntawm titanomagnetite. Iron silicate ore (Silicate Iron) Hom hlau no yog cov ntsev xyaw ua ke. Nws tsis muaj qee yam tshuaj lom neeg. Cov nkauj sib txawv heev. Nws feem ntau qhia cov xim tsaus ntsuab nrog lub nqus kev xav tau ntawm kwv yees li 3.8. Cov ntsiab lus hlau yog qhov tsawg heev. Lub cev hlau tsis zoo. Sulphide hlau (Sulphide hlau) Hom ore muaj FeS2, tsuas yog muaj 46.6% Fe thiab S cov ntsiab lus ntawm 53.4%. Pom pom qhov xim txho-daj, nrog lub zog sib luag uas muaj txog 4.95 ~ 5.10. Vim tias cov hlau no feem ntau muaj ntau lwm cov khoom muaj nqi xws li tooj liab, npib tsib xee, Zinc, Kub, Nyiaj, thiab lwm yam. vim tias nws muaj cov uas yog ntau leej ntau leej faj, nws yog feem ntau siv los ua kom cov leej faj, tab sis cov hlau tau dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem hu ua cov hlau tsis huv.
