Thaum xaiv carbon structural steel, Q195, Q235, thiab Q345 yog peb txoj kev xaiv. Hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws sib piv uas suav nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab kev siv cov xwm txheej, nrog rau cov txheej txheem xaiv.
1. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb sib txawv
| Parameter | Q195 | Q235 | Q345 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Txuj | GB/T 700-2006 | GB/T 700-2006 | GB/T 1591-2018 |
| Yield zog | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 195 MPa | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 235 MPa | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 345 MPa |
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.12% | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.22% | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.20% |
| Manganese (Mn) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.50% | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.40% | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.70% |
| Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb | Rooj tog, xov hlau, teeb ncej | Tsev, bolts, towers | Cov choj, nkoj, cov nkoj siab |
2. Chemical Composition & Mechanical Properties
Q195
Cov pa roj carbon tsawg (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.12%), tsawg alloying.
Siab ductility tab sis tsis muaj zog (315-430 MPa tensile).
Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam toughness yuav tsum tau- zam hauv huab cua txias.
Q235
Cov pa roj carbon tsawg (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.22%), lub zog zoo dua li Q195.
Zoo weldability tab sis yuav tsum tau tswj parameter.
Chav- qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam qhov hnyav (tsim rau cov khoom zoo li qub).
Q345
Tsawg- hlau alloy (nrog Nb/V), siab zog (470-630 MPa tensile).
Subzero kev ua tau zoo: Q345D (-20 degree) thiab Q345E (-40 degree) rau Arctic siv.
Preheating xav tau rau vuam (150-200℃kom tsis txhob tawg).
3. Daim Ntawv Thov -Kev Qhia Txog Kev Xaiv Raws li
Thaum xaiv Q195
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau: Tsis yog- thauj khoom- cov kabmob (xws li, cov khoom zoo nkauj, cov ntsia hlau).
Qhov zoo: Kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj (~ 15% tus nqi qis dua Q235).
Zam: Dynamic loads lossis kub hauv qab 0 degree.
Thaum xaiv Q235
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau: Kev tsim kho dav dav ( kab teeb, kab), cov khoom siv tshuab.
Thaum xaiv Q345
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau: Heavy-cov haujlwm ua haujlwm (bridges, cranes), huab cua puag ncig.
Nqe Lus Cim: 20-30% pricier dua Q235 tab sis tso cai txo qhov hnyav.
4. Kev sib npaug thoob ntiaj teb & cov lus qhia txog kev yuav khoom
Q235 ≈ ASTM A36 (US) / EN S235JR (EU)
Q345 ≈ ASTM A572 Gr.50 (US) / EN S355JR (EU)
