Yog tias koj tau siv sijhawm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thoob ntiaj teb cov chaw ua haujlwm, koj tau pom cov ntawv pov thawj steel qib:
| Suav GB | US ASTM | Japanese JIS | European EN | Txoj Cai German DIN |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q235 | A36 | TSI 400 | S235JR/J0/J2 | Qhov 37-2 |
| Q345 (tau hloov kho rau Q355 hauv GB qauv tam sim no) | A572 Gr50 | SIB 490 | S355JR/J0/J2 | Qhov 44-3 |
Tab sis qhov no yog qhov siv tau yooj yim tshaj plaws - nws tsuas yog sib tw cov qhab nia los ntawm lub hauv paus yield zog, thiab nws poob tag nrho thaum koj ua hauj lwm nrog cov qauv hollow seem (square, rectangular, los yog round tubing). Kev cia siab rau tus neeg tub nkeeg no- taug kev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj, raug nqi kim heev: vuam tawg, tawg tawg hauv qhov txias txias, lossis ncaj nraim- nce qhov ua tsis tiav thib peb- tog kev tshuaj xyuas uas teeb tsa cov phiaj xwm rov qab rau lub lis piam. Hauv qab no, peb ua txhaum raws nraim li cas cov qauv no txawv rau cov qauv hollow seem, cov qib twg yog qhov sib hloov tau tiag tiag, thiab xaiv cov khoom siv li cas kom cov qauv tsim muaj kev nyab xeeb, code- ua raws, thiab yooj yim rau nruab.
Part 1: Core Regional Standards for Structural Steel Pipe & Common Grade
Txhua cheeb tsam muaj kev sib cais, lub hom phiaj- tsim cov qauv rau cov txheej txheem tubing, nrog rau qib uas tsis muaj daim ntawv qhia txog 1: 1 hla ciam teb:
Tuam Tshoj:
Cov kev qhia dav dav tshaj plaws rau cov khaub thuas- tsim hollow structural seem yogGB/T 6728 Txias -tsim Steel Hollow Sections rau General Structure, ua ke nrog cov qib Q235B thiab Q355B. Ob qho lwm cov qauv uas nquag siv yog GB / T 3091 (welded steel yeeb nkab rau qis -cov kua xa hluav taws xob) thiab GB / T 8162 (cov yeeb nkab steel seamless rau kev siv cov qauv).
Tebchaws Meskas:
ASTM A500 1: Tus qauv tseem ceeb rau txias- ua welded thiab seamless carbon steel structural tubing. Cov qib uas tau teev tseg tshaj plaws yog Qib B (315 MPa tawm los) thiab Qib C (345 MPa tawm los).
ASTM A501 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb: Tus qauv rau kub- tsim cov qauv tubing, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm A36 (250 MPa tawm los) los yog A572 Gr.50 (345 MPa yield) phaj feedstock.
⚠️ Cov lus ceeb toom tseem ceeb: Cov qib workhorse rau txias - tsim US structural tubing yog A500 Gr.B thiab Gr.C - tsis yog A36. A36 yuav luag tsuas yog siv rau kub- ua A501 tubing lossis phaj steel phaj. Tsis txhob xav tias "A36 steel yeeb nkab" yog sib npaug rau A500.
Teb chaws Europe: TS EN 10219npog cov khaub thuas- ua welded structural hollow seem, nrog rau cov qib xws li S235JRH, S275J0H, thiab S355J2H. Cov qauv sib xws rau kub -them hollow seem yog EN 10210.
Nyiv: JIS G3466 Carbon Steel Square Pipes rau Lub Hom Phiaj Dav Davtxhais cov qib siab tube STKR400 thiab STKR490. General structural phaj qib SS400 thiab SM490 kuj feem ntau siv rau kev siv yeeb nkab.
Ntu 2: Kev Ua Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb Tsis Muaj Cov Ntawv Qhia nrawm nrawm
Yield zog tsuas yog qhia ib feem me me ntawm zaj dab neeg. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv peb lub zog no ua rau feem ntau ntawm kev ua tsis tiav thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov teeb meem:
1. Impact Toughness: Qhov feem ntau saib tsis taus qhov pheej hmoo
Impact toughness - cov khoom muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev tawg sai sai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv txias txias - yog qhov feem ntau ntawm cov ntoo khaub lig- tus qauv tsis sib haum xeeb:
Cov qib European EN 10219 siv cov lus qhia meej los txhais tau tias muaj kev lees paub Charpy V-qhov cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm:
JR: Yam tsawg kawg 27J cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm +20℃(chav kub)
J0: Yam tsawg kawg 27J cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm 0 degree
J2: Yam tsawg kawg 27J cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm -20 degree
Suav GB qib ua raws li cov qauv ntsuas kub zoo ib yam: Q235B lav kev ua haujlwm ntawm +20 degree, Q235C ntawm 0 degree, Q235D ntawm -20 degree; tib qib siv rau Q355B/C/D qib.
US ASTM A500 uatsis yogmandate impact testing by default. Cov kev xav tau cuam tshuam tsuas yog siv tau yog tias sau meej meej rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus (xws li, Kev Xav Tau Ntxiv S1 rau qis-kev pabcuam kub), yog li nws qhov tsim nyog rau qhov chaw txias yuav tsum tau muaj pov thawj tseeb. Ntxiv qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev cuam tshuam kuj tuaj yeem ntxiv rau A572 Gr.50 cov khoom.
Japanese JIS qib: SS400 thiab STKR400 tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev cuam tshuam lub zog. SM490 tau muab faib ua A/B/C sub-qib, nrog rau Qib C nkaus xwb uas yuav tsum tau lav qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm 0 degree.
Qhov no txhais tau tias: Q355B thiab S355JR muaj ze li ntawm lub zog zoo ib yam, tab sis ob qho tib si tsuas yog lav qhov cuam tshuam qhov hnyav ntawm chav tsev kub. Hloov Q355B nrog siab dua -toughness S355J2H (rated rau -20℃kev pab cuam) yog kiag li muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab ceev ceev. Rov qab qhov sib pauv ntawd - siv chav tsev -kub- tsuas yog qib hauv huab cua txias - ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tawg tawg heev. Yog tias koj npaj yuav siv ASTM A500 Gr.C nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qis qis, koj yuav tsum qhia meej meej tias yuav tsum muaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub thiab qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg kawg nkaus hauv koj daim ntawv xaj khoom.
2. Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg & Weldability
Tshuaj pleev ib ce - thiab tshwj xeeb carbon equivalent value (CEV) - ncaj qha txiav txim seb yuav ua li cas welds yuav tawg:
Cov qauv European tswj hwm qhov nruj tshaj plaws CEV txwv: EN 10219 feem ntau yuav tsum tau CEV Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.45% rau S355J2H, uas txo cov tawv tawv hauv cov vuam kub- thaj tsam cuam tshuam thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo tawg.
Suav GB Q355B, ib GB/T 1591, kuj feem ntau ua tau raws li CEV Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.45% thaum ua tau zoo - cov nplej normalized lossis thermomechanically tswj dov (TMCP) cov khoom. Nco ntsoov tias qee lub mills muab Q355B nyob rau hauv raws li -kub-rolled mob, yog li CEV yuav tsum tau lees paub los ntawm zeb xeem ntawv ceeb toom rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb.
ASTM A500 tsuas yog teeb tsa qhov siab tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg (piv txwv li, carbon Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.26%) es tsis yog tswj hwm CEV. Vuam A500 cov khoom yuav xav tau ntau dua preheat kub kom tsis txhob hydrogen-induced cracking.
Japanese JIS SS400 muaj kev txwv tsis pub dhau ntawm cov khoom seem: nws tso cai rau cov ntsiab lus phosphorus txog li 0.050%, piv rau qhov nruj dua los yog sib npaug li 0.035% txwv tus qauv hauv EN thiab GB qib, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov weld cheeb tsam toughness.
3. Dimensional Tolerances: Tsis txhob cia Mismatches Derail Installation
Txawm hais tias lub zog thiab kev sib tw, kev kam rau siab tsis sib haum tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis tuaj yeem haum rau ntawm qhov chaw:
Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla / sab ntev kam rau ua: EN 10219 teeb tsa cov kev txwv nruj rau qhov txias - tsim cov ntu hollow (piv txwv li, ± 1% ntawm nominal sab ntev, nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ± 0.5mm sib txawv). ASTM A500 kuj tseem suav nrog cov lus piav qhia txog kev ua siab ntev uas npog sab nrauv, twist, thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas, nrog qhov sib txawv me me tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm EN txwv. Suav GB / T 6728 siv nws tus kheej txoj kev ua siab ntev ntev.
Phab ntsa thickness raug: Feem ntau cov qauv tsom rau qhov nominal ± 10% phab ntsa thickness kam rau ua, tab sis tso cai nyob rau hauv - kam rau ua txwv txawv ntawm cov specifications. Ib txwm hla- tshawb xyuas cov khoom xa tuaj tawm tsam koj tus qauv tsim qhov kev txwv tsis pub dhau ua ntej kev tsim khoom pib.
Ntu 3: Txoj Cai Sib Txawv Sib Txawv - Thaum Yuav Sib Pauv, Thaum Yuav Tsum Tau Paub
Kev sib pauv koj tuaj yeem ua nrog kev ntseeg siab tag nrho (tsawg- daim ntawv thov pheej hmoo)
Rau qhov tsis yog -load- cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sov lossis huab cua sab hauv tsev - suav nrog kev nkag mus, tuav, thiab cov guardrails - koj tuaj yeem sib pauv dawb ntawm Q235B, A500 Gr.B, thiab S235JRH yam tsis muaj kev pov thawj ntxiv. Cov kev sib pauv no muaj kev nyab xeeb tag nrho tsuav yog tias koj siv cov khoom siv vuam sib txuam thiab koj cov txheej txheem kev suav lej dhau los.
Kev sib pauv koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua qhov muag tsis pom (qhov no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj)
Muaj pes tsawg shortcuts rau cov kev siv siab -:
Cov cheeb tsam huab cua txias (xws li Northeast Tuam Tshoj, Northern Europe, Canada): Koj yuav tsum qhia cov qhab nia ntsuas rau qis - qhov kub thiab txias, nrog rau J2 (EN) lossis D (GB), xws li S355J2H lossis Q355D. Tsis txhob siv tus qauv, tsis yog - cuam tshuam - sim A500 rau cov ntawv thov no.
Dynamic load structures (piv txwv li, crane girders, txhawb thav ntawv rau cov khoom siv vibrating): Cov ntawv thov no thov kom muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Peb pom zoo kom qhia cov qhab nia raws li EN J0/J2 qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev cuam tshuam, lossis ntxiv qhov yuav tsum tau ua Charpy V-notch impact test requirements for ASTM- sourced material.
Tseem ceeb welded pob qij txha nrog qaug zog txaus ntshai: Qib sib piv ib leeg tsis txaus. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas cov khoom sib npaug ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab qhia meej tias cov hlau xa mus rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo lossis TMCP kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib raug zoo, kwv yees kev ua haujlwm vuam.
Kev xav zaum kawg
Thaum kawg ntawm lub hnub, kev xaiv cov yeeb nkab steel yog qhov yooj yim dua li hla - cov rooj sib piv tus qauv ua rau nws zoo li. Tsis nco qab tshaj -cov txiaj ntsig yooj yim- lub zog khib nyiab - txhua qib, tsis hais tus qauv twg los ntawm, tuaj yeem ntsuas plaub yam tsis yog- sib tham:
Lub zog (load-carrying peev)
Tsawg-kub toughness (ua haujlwm rau cov pob txha tawg hauv qhov txias)
Weldability (tseem ceeb heev los ntawm carbon sib npaug, kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib txuas tawg)
Dimensional raug (kom paub meej qhov chaw haum rau ntawm qhov chaw)
Ntsia plaub daim tshev no rau txhua qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov khoom xaiv ntawm txhua qhov project thoob ntiaj teb - txawm hais tias spec hu rau GB, ASTM, JIS, EN, lossis DIN - yam tsis muaj kev poob siab, kev tshuaj xyuas hangups, lossis raug nqi rov ua haujlwm dua.
